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Mongolia Fountain Design: Rainbow Bridge Fountain Water Feature
Fountains transform still water into flowing water, giving the water a soul. Coupled with various lighting effects, they endow the water with rich and colorful forms. Fountains can soften and buffer the "solid buildings" and hard surfaces in the city, enhancing the vitality of the urban environment, benefiting both physical and mental health, and satisfying the needs of visual art.
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Introduction
Fountains transform still water into dynamic water, giving water a soul, and are complemented by various lighting effects, allowing the water body to exhibit rich and colorful forms. They can buffer and soften the "frozen buildings" and hard surfaces in the city, enhancing the vitality of the urban environment, benefiting physical and mental health, and satisfying the needs of visual art.
Artificial dynamic fountains in large urban squares often draw inspiration from various natural water states, such as waterfalls, cascades, water curtains, overflow, streams, and wall fountains. With the advancement of science and technology, various fountains have truly become innovative and diverse, reaching a level where people can create all kinds of crystal-clear and vibrant dynamic water scenes at will. In today's era, fountains have formed a unique cultural landscape.
China
Chinese classical gardens advocate nature, striving for elegance and tranquility, rich in wild interest. In terms of water management in gardens, there is an emphasis on the artistic reproduction of natural water states. The application of artificially created dynamic water fountains is relatively rare. The "Book of Han: Records of Officials" records that there were facilities in the Han Dynasty's Shanglin Garden where "the river water is activated, a bronze dragon spits water, and a bronze immortal holds a cup to receive water." The "Jia's Talks" records: "In the Tang Dynasty's Huaqing Palace hot spring pool, there were 'double white stone lotuses, with spring water gushing from the mouth of a jar, spraying onto the white lotus.'" The "Record of Famous Gardens in Luoyang" describes that in the Dong family's West Garden, water gushes out from between the flowers. Some water features have been preserved to this day, such as the Huanglong Water Spouting built during the Southern Song Dynasty's Chunyou period (1241-1252) in Hangzhou.
In the 18th century, Western-style fountains were introduced to China. In 1747, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty built three major fountains, "Xieqiqu," "Haiyantang," and "Dai Shui Fa," in the Western-style building of the Summer Palace. In the central water pool of "Dai Shui Fa," there are ten bronze dogs that shoot streams of water towards a bronze deer, known as "Hunting Dogs Chasing Deer."
In "Haiyantang," there are statues of the "Twelve Zodiac Signs" dressed in Luohan robes, each capable of spraying water to tell the time. This is controlled by a manually operated water-lifting mechanism—the dragon tail cart twists and rotates upwards, forming high-level water, controlled by machinery, with each zodiac sign spraying water in turn every two hours. At noon, all twelve zodiac signs spray water simultaneously.
Europe
Fountains have a long history, with fountains built in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon as early as the 6th century BC. In ancient Greece, springs for drinking water gradually evolved into decorative fountains. One theory suggests that fountains originated from the Islamic countries' methods of providing water for ritual bathing. In Islamic gardens, fountains are arranged along axes or serve as the center of local compositions. During the Renaissance, fountain technology saw significant development, with fountains often combined with statues, column decorations, and water basins.
Famous fountains include the renowned "Path of a Hundred Fountains" in the Italian Villa d'Este and the fountain aqueduct in Lain. From the 7th to the 18th century, fountains flourished in European cities. Notable examples include the Sun King Fountain at the Palace of Versailles in France and the Grand Cascade Fountain with sculptures at Peterhof in Russia. Rome has over 3,000 fountains, earning it the title of the "City of Fountains."
Others
There are also some fountains with deep meanings, such as the Manneken Pis in Brussels. It depicts a child urinating with great concentration. Legend has it that after the enemy army occupied Brussels and planned to blow up the city's treasure house, little Manneken Pis discovered the burning fuse and, in a moment of inspiration, urinated on it; the treasure house was saved, but the little hero sacrificed himself. To honor his achievement, this fountain was built in 1619. By the 20th century, fountains evolved into large water sculptures, creating various forms with water columns. For example, the large fountain on Lake Geneva, built in 1958, shoots water to a height of 145 meters using two 1360-horsepower pumps.
At night, giant searchlights illuminate the silver water columns that streak across the night sky, creating a spectacular scene. The fountain at the Norman Castle in London stands 2.7 meters tall, composed of a beautifully shaped, irregular metal shell, with two curved water shapes spraying from the edges. The base of the shell can rotate, and the water pressure can be adjusted to create colorful water shapes. A fountain in Seattle, USA, consists of two large stainless steel curved pipes, with water sprayed from many small nozzles installed along the pipe walls, creating the sensation of solid water columns. Its water output is manually controlled, allowing for sculptural water shapes.
The application of modern technology has led to the emergence of various self-controlled fountains. Japan's "Dancing Fountain" and America's "Waltz Fountain" can dance with the music under colored lights. In Paris's La Défense Square, there is the famous "Agam" musical fountain, built in 1980, with 66 nozzles arranged in an "S" shape, spraying water columns from 1 to 15 meters high, capable of performing over ten spectacular programs, including Gershwin's "Rhapsody in Blue," Tchaikovsky's "Pathetique Symphony," and the "Water Ballet" by Pepin and Alenard. As the music changes, the water columns sometimes dance lightly and sometimes stand tall, accompanied by vibrant and dazzling sparks. The sparks are shot from specially designed spark nozzles, intertwining with the water, creating a marvelous spectacle. Japan's hydraulic jet zoo features 6,036 rotating nozzles installed in a 10-meter diameter pool, capable of creating scenes of tigers and lions fighting, eagles and antelopes battling, and other wonderful displays. These fountains often utilize computer control for water, light, sound, and color, ushering fountain art into a new era.
Modern China
With the development of urban modernization, China has successively built time-controlled fountains, color sound-controlled fountains, movable fountains, and microcomputer-controlled musical fountains in places like Shuangxiu Garden and Temple of Heaven Park in Beijing, as well as in urban squares.
Representative works include the music fountain at the Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition, where the large water dance show is one of the core landscape features of the entire exposition, with the design theme being "Water Garden." The magic of the water dance show lies in the hundreds of fountains hidden beneath the lake water. These fountains are installed on a steel structure platform measuring 120 meters long and 90 meters wide, about 38 meters from the main viewing area. The platform can float up and down, forming the stage for the water dance performance. The water dance show is an art that combines water and technology, accompanied by music that can be either passionate or soothing, with water columns weaving various beautiful patterns, reaching heights of over 80 meters.
Xiamen Guanyu Technology Co., Ltd.
