Key Technical Points for Fountain Design and Construction

In today's garden projects, fountains, waterfalls, drainage, and landscape pools have become indispensable parts. However, they directly affect the overall effect of the project and the maintenance costs later. This article combines practical experience, as landscape pool projects remain a major challenge. If not handled properly, it can lead to quality issues such as water pooling and cracking. Let's discuss the construction techniques for water pools.Fountain DesignLet's discuss the key points of construction technology!

Fountain design can be roughly divided into two types.

One type is constructed based on the nature of the land and mimics natural water features according to the terrain, such as wall fountains, spring fountains, mist fountains, pipe flows, streams, waterfalls, water curtains, water waves, whirlpools, etc.

The second type relies on artificial water spray equipment for landscaping. There are musical fountains, programmed fountains, swinging fountains, running fountains, bright fountains, amusement fountains, super high fountains, laser water curtain movies, etc.

1. Types of Fountains

There are many types and shapes of fountains, which can be roughly divided into the following four categories.

1. Ordinary decorative fountains are fixed spray fountains composed of various ordinary water flower patterns.

2. Fountains integrated with sculptures combine various fountain shapes with sculptures, basins, ornamental columns, etc. Fountain design.

3. Water sculptures are made into various abstract or figurative shapes of fountain water using manual or mechanical methods, presenting a certain artistic "form".

4. Automatic fan-out fountains use various electronic technologies to control the changes in water, light, sound, and color through designed programs, creating unique water features.

2.Fountain DesignKey Points

Fountain design in spacious areas often chooses regularly shaped spray pools, with large pools and high fountains, and not overly extravagant lighting. In narrow places, such as street corners or in front of buildings, rectangular ponds are often chosen. The shape of the fountain can be free; ponds next to modern residential buildings are often circular or rectangular. The fountain has a large water volume, strong water feel, and relatively luxurious lighting. It can be combined with sculptures and various decorative small stories, but the changes must be simple, and the colors must be plain.

When selecting the location for the fountain and arranging the surrounding environment, it is important to think uniformly about the fountain and the environment, rendering the fountain within the environment to achieve the purpose of decorating the environment. First, consider the theme and form of the fountain, ensuring that the determined theme and form are coordinated with the environment, or create an artistic conception by borrowing specific artistic associations of the fountain.

1. Location

Fountain design is generally set at the focal point, endpoint, or flower bed group of the courtyard axis, freely decorating indoor and outdoor spaces. However, care should be taken not to place the fountain in the wind tunnel between buildings, but rather in a sheltered environment. Create a small fountain scene based on environmental characteristics, arranging it in courtyards, on both sides of entrances, at spatial turning points, or in public building lobbies, allowing for flexible layouts to prevent wind from damaging the water shape and causing water to flow out of the pond.

2. Model

　　Fountain DesignThere are two types of fountains: natural and regular, located at the center of the pool, which can form patterns or be biased to one side, or be freely configured. Then, determine the form, scale, and proportion of the spray pool based on the spatial scale of the fountain's location.

3. Types of Spray Nozzles

The shower head is the main component of the fountain, determining its posture. Currently, commonly used nozzle forms include single nozzles, gas nozzles, ring nozzles, rotating nozzles, fan-shaped nozzles, multi-hole nozzles, deformable nozzles, dandelion nozzles, suction nozzles, and assembled nozzles. Their function is to shape water with a certain pressure through the nozzle, forming various imagined beautiful water shapes.

4. Fountain Design Drainage System

1. The water shape of the fountain is formed by various types of nozzles, different combinations of nozzles, and different angles of nozzles, among other factors. This includes water columns, hoses, water lines, water curtains, water films, water mists, water bubbles, etc. The combination of water shapes can also take various forms, using parallel, direct, inclined, overhead, diagonal spraying of water columns and lines, cross spraying of water lines, relative spraying, radial spraying, rotating spraying, or using water lines through water curtains and films, with water mist spray heads covering them to form water flowers. From the structural perspective of the fountain's water shape, its basic components are produced by different types of sprays from various forms of nozzles.

2. Control Methods for Spraying

The control of water volume, spraying time, and changes in spraying patterns mainly has the following three methods. Fountain design.

1) Manual valve control. This is a simple ordinary control method, where a manual adjustment valve is installed on the fountain's water supply pipe to adjust the water pressure and flow of each pipeline segment, forming a certain amount of spray water.

2) Relay control. Generally, the opening and closing of water pumps, solenoid valves, colored lights, etc., are controlled according to the time program designed by the time relay, achieving automatically convertible spraying postures.

3) Sound control. The principle of sound-controlled fountains is to convert sound signals into electrical signals, which are amplified and processed to press relays or their electronic switches. Sound-controlled fountains use body sounds to control the changes in the shape of the water spray. Thus, with changes in sound, people can see variations in the size, height, and shape of the fountain. The control is set in the opening and closing of solenoid valves in the waterway, thus controlling the connection and disconnection of the water flow from the nozzles. Connecting people's auditory and visual experiences, the water flowers sprayed by the fountain dance gracefully with the beautiful changing melodies of the music.

3. Fountain Water Supply Methods.

Fountain design is directly supplied with tap water, with a submersible pump circulating the water. The submersible pump is placed in a hidden or lower position in the spray pool, directly extracting water from the pool and circulating it to the spray pipes and nozzles. This is generally suitable for small fountains.

4. Configuration of Spray Piping.

Fountain design involves the configuration of pipelines for large water feature projects, which can be placed in dedicated or shared channels. Generally, the pipelines for water features can be directly laid on the pond. To maintain uniform water pressure at each nozzle, circular or symmetrical piping is used to minimize head loss, and valves for adjusting water pressure are set before each nozzle or group of nozzles. For high-throw nozzles, a long straight section should be maintained in front of the nozzle, or a rectifier should be installed. Five, considerations for the construction of water spray design.

The construction methods for the bottom and walls of the spray pool should be professionally designed based on mechanical calculations according to actual conditions. The materials for the waterproof layer of the pool bottom and walls should be selected from high-quality waterproof materials such as ethylene-propylene ternary waterproof cloth and chlorinated polyethylene waterproof membranes. In areas prone to winter freezing, the construction methods for various pool bottoms and walls need to consider winter drainage out of the pool. The pool's entrance, overflow outlet, and pump pit should be located in concealed areas within the pool, and the position of the pump pit and the piping should be close to the power and water sources. Therefore, the drainage facilities of the pool must be easy to control manually.

The water spray is entirely produced by equipment, and the indoor fountain is designed for a water flow range that is not too large. The shower heads are membrane-type, mist-type, and gas-mixed type, with water jet control being a key part. Combining different techniques can create a rich variety of changing forms. Coupled with the control of lighting effects, it enhances the vibrancy and better creates the atmosphere of the courtyard.

The above introduces the key points of fountain design and construction technology. If you want to know more, feel free to contact us!